@article { author = {Elksasy, Mohamed and Ahmed, Ahmed and Ali-Eldin, Amr and Areed, Faiz}, title = {BLDC Motor Speed Measurement Using ZCP Detection for Fuzzy Speed Controlling.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {1-11}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96257}, abstract = {Sensorless Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have many advantages because of their greet characteristics which make them an interested field of research home and abroad. One of the biggest issues which face BLDC motors is the rotor position detection, as they are electrically commutated the rotor position must be detected with or without sensors. The position detection is used for commutation, speed measurement and speed control. The traditional method for BLDC motor rotor position detection which depends on Hall sensors has lots of problems that decrease the system reliability, so sensorless BLDC motor drives are extensively used. The sensorless position detection methods mostly use Zero Crossing Point (ZCP) detection techniques which depend on motor back EMF detection. In this paper, a suggested method of ZCP detection for speed measurement is presented for BLDC motor, to decrease driver cost and increase system reliability, also the ZCP detection method can be for commutation and speed measurement. Simulation results are shown to prove system effectiveness}, keywords = {BLDC Motor,Sensorless,BLDC,ZCP,Wide speed range & Speed Measurement}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96257.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96257_f257490c93bdfda4f85d0dd11c546a94.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Shafaiy, Engy and El-Desouky, Ali and AbdulAzeem, Yousry}, title = {A Survey on Frequent Item Sets Mining for Big Data.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {12-23}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96259}, abstract = {Big Data" connects large-volume, complex, and increasing data sets with multiple independent sources. Nowadays, Big Data are speedily expanding in all science and engineering domains due to the rapid evolution of data, data storage, and the networking collection capabilities. Due to its variability, volume, and velocity, "Big Data mining" enjoys the ability of extracting constructive information from huge streams of data or datasets. Data mining includes exploring and analyzing big quantities of data in order to locate different molds for big data. "Frequent item sets Mining" is one of the most important tasks for discovering useful and meaningful patterns from large collections of data. Mining of association rules from frequent patterns from big data mining is of interest for many industries, for it can provide guidance in decision making processes; such as cross marketing, market basket analysis, promotion assortment, ...etc. The techniques of discovering association rules from data have traditionally focused on identifying the relationship between items predicting some aspect of human behavior;  usually buying behavior. This paper provides a review on different techniques for mining frequent item sets.}, keywords = {Association Rule Mining,Data mining,Frequent Item sets,Big Data,Frequent Pattern Mining,Apriori,FP-Growth}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96259.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96259_9bbbdd4342ddc8a8e12e157414726782.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelhay, Ehab and Zaki, Fayez and Kishk, Sherif and Moustafa, Hossam El-din}, title = {LTE-Advanced Optimum Relay Placement with Zero Link Overflow Using AMMCS.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {24-35}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96261}, abstract = {Multi-hop Relay networks are proposed to fulfill the demanding coverage and capacity requirements for current applications in a cost efficient way. It can be used in IMT-Advanced technologies such as 3GPP LTE-Advanced. In this paper, Resource Blocks (RBs) proposed scheduling scheme is considered for zero multi-hop links overflow in Uplink LTE-Advanced. Then based on this scheduling scheme and other network assumptions the Optimum Relay Station (RS) placement in the cell was estimated using nonlinear optimization problem in order to improve LTE-A Uplink performance. The average throughput, Throughput gain, and Mean File Transfer Time (MFTT) are considered as performance measures. The study takes into consideration the impact of Asymmetry between multi-hop links, the effect of different arrival rates from random positions of UEs in the cell. Adaptive MIMO, Modulations, and Coding Switching (AMMCS) scheme is used to maximize network throughput with low bit error rate (BER). Simulation results show effective improvement in uplink network performance using the proposed scheduling scheme and AMMCS with RS at optimum location in the cell.}, keywords = {LTE-A,Multi-hop,Relay positioning,AMIMOS,AMC,Link overflow}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96261.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96261_972fc192da018d503f9e3f59351abc4b.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Hadad, Walaa and Badran, Ebrahim}, title = {ATP-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller Model for Electromagnetic Transients Studies.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {36-45}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96265}, abstract = {Alternative Transient Program (ATP) has been steadily developed and improved in the last decades. Today, ATP Draw, a graphical framework, is available, which has improved the use of the program significantly. However, fuzzy controller is one of complex models for which a simplified model can be a very useful tool. This paper introduces a model for fuzzy logic controller in ATP for electromagnetic transients' studies of power system. The proposed model introduces a first model of fuzzy logic in ATP. This facilitates power system and fuzzy logic controller simulation in ATP without needing any other programs. The proposed model is implemented in ATPDraw environment. The proposed fuzzy logic controller model consists of three parts; Membership functions (triangular and trapezoidal shapes), Rules and Defuzzification. The proposed model is verified using numerical examples. The membership degree, the rules, and the defuzzification are calculated using both numerical calculation and the proposed model. The proposed model verification shows acceptable results.}, keywords = {fuzzy,AI,ATP,EMTP,control,Electromagnetic Transients}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96265.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96265_915b0c2edce49c192942dd4bfeeb4a01.pdf} } @article { author = {Hussein, Shaimaa and Moustafa, Hossam El-Din and Samra, Ahmed}, title = {Comparison of Steganographic Techniques to Embed Data in Medical Images.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {46-54}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96268}, abstract = {Steganography is the art and science of hiding secret information in a cover media in such a way that it is not detectable to anyone, except the intended recipient knows the existence of the data. Digital images are most commonly used coverage medium in steganography because of their easy availability and popularity on internet. This work provides a comparison review to the various steganography techniques. Steganography uses two kinds of domain for hiding the data: spatial domain (time domain) and transform domain (frequency domain).Some techniques from these two domains are discussed.The performance and comparison of these techniques is measured on the basis of the three parameters WPSNR, MSE, and NCCC.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96268.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96268_fbd319f1a8e1b91b5f8f6446fae31431.pdf} } @article { author = {Sameh, Sally and Moustafa, Hossam El-Din and Zaki, Fayez}, title = {Feature Level Fusion of Iris and Voice.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {55-63}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96269}, abstract = {Biometric systems are vastly used by various organizations for different security applications. The main use of such systems is in authentication and identification applications which including computer network login, passport control, corpse identification, electronic data security, terrorist identification, Internet access. Unimodal biometric systems suffer from a lot of problems like high error rate, low performance and imposters’ attack so the demand of Multimodal biometric systems takes place. Multimodal biometric systems have several advantages over unimodal biometric systems such as non-universality, larger population coverage, lower error rates, higher performance and higher genuine acceptance rates. In this paper, a study of multimodal fusion of voice and Iris at feature level is presented. The features are extracted from the voice signals using Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (PNCC) and from the preprocessed iris images using Single Value Decomposition (SVD). The experiment have been done using samples collected from faculty of Engineering , Mansoura university for voice and CASIA iris database  for iris which gave accuracy of 98.4% after fusion. This result is acceptable and gives high accuracy than using voice and iris individually.}, keywords = {Multimodal,Feature level fusion,voice recognition,Iris recognition}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96269.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96269_d5506c6abbf15adf9ec1447e11c3764f.pdf} } @article { author = {Moustafa, Hossam El-Din and Abd El-ghany, Yasmeen}, title = {Fusion of Multi-focus Color Images Based on Wavelet Transform and Curvelet Transform.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {64-71}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96270}, abstract = {Curvelet transform is a recently-developed multi-scale transform, which is more suitable for objects with curves. Applications of the Curvelet transform have increased rapidly in the field of image fusion. Image fusion means the combination of two images into a single image that has the maximum information content without producing details that are non-existent in the given images. In the present work an algorithm for multi-focus color image fusion based on the Curvelet transform is implemented, analyzed, and compared with a Wavelet-based fusion algorithm. Two models for color image fusion are presented. The first is based on the RGB components of the color image, while the other is based on the YIQ color model. The quality of the fused color image is evaluated by entropy and a human perception inspired quality metric. Experimental results have shown that the Curvelet based image fusion algorithm provides a slightly better fused image than the Wavelet algorithm. In addition, the fused image has a higher value of entropy and is more accord with the human visual system.}, keywords = {image fusion,Multi-focus Images - Wavelet Transform,Curvelet transform}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96270.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96270_85130ee62a3bd0ba5e75d54f071a7965.pdf} } @article { author = {Elmidany, Tawfik and Waly, Mohamed and Moussa, Mohamed and Essa, Yasser}, title = {Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy (A392).}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96271}, abstract = {Hypereutectic Al–Si alloy (A392) was treated with ultrasonic vibration (UV) induced to the melt through a cylindrical resin–bonded sand mold. This work aims at studying the influence of UV at the different pouring temperatures of A392 alloy during solidification process on the microstructures and mechanical properties. The microstructures of as-cast samples were examined by using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties were investigated by tensile and hardness tests. The results showed clearly that with applied UV at optimum pouring temperature (640 oC), nearly fine uniform and polyhedral shape of the primary Si were obtained. Improvement of tensile properties and hardness of the investigated alloy modified with UV is related to the modification and refinement of primary Si particles. The fracture surfaces of prepared alloy without and with UV were also investigated.}, keywords = {Aluminum-Silicon Alloy (A392),Ultrasonic Vibration,Microstructure,Mechanical Properties}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96271.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96271_3ebe2a00ff65cac708e1386c7820bcd0.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Eraqui, Mahmoud and EL-Nahhas, Kamal and Saad Eddin, Mohamed}, title = {Investigation of Rectangular Settling Tanks Performance in Drinking Water Treatment Plants.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {11-21}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96274}, abstract = {A uniform flow field is essential to increase the efficient performance of settling tank. This enables particles to settle at a constant velocity and in less time.  The existence of circulation regions reduces the sedimentation of particles and has major influence on the hydraulic condition of flow field inside the settling tanks. According to this, the existence of large circulation regions will reduce tank performance. A common approach for decreasing settling tanks problems is to use baffles at inlet which can reduce effects of the unfavorable phenomena such as short circuiting between inlet and outlet and density currents in settling tanks. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of rectangular settling tanks in drinking water treatment plants numerically and experimentally. A computational model has been mapped to the commercial FLUENT® solver. Applied to simulate the flow within a 3D rectangular water settling tank with different inlet configurations where the optimum inlet design is selected. Also, a continuous flow bench scale settling tank is used to experimentally investigate the effect of inlet on the performance of the settling tank by measuring the water turbidity along the flow direction in the tank. The practical results validates the results given by CFD simulation where the performance of the tank is enhances using inlet baffles.}, keywords = {settling tank,dead zones,CFD,FLUENT}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96274.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96274_adb07cb340f582510ece97158fb7ed78.pdf} } @article { author = {Al sultan, Haider and Sultan, Ahmed and El-Tahan, Hamed}, title = {Natural Convection Heat Transfer from Vibrated Vertical Flat Plate.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {22-31}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96277}, abstract = {Experiments were performed on natural convection heat transfer from vibrated vertical flat plate heated under constant heat flux. The working fluid used is air. The effects of modified Rayleigh number, (107≤Ra*≤1010), the vibration frequency (0≤F≤25), and the amplitude (0≤A≤7.6 mm), vibrational Reynolds number of 102≤Rev≤8*104, were studied. Over the tested range of modified Rayleigh number, it is found that the vibrated plate generally shows higher heat transfer coefficients than that of the stationary one for all values of amplitude, and frequency. It is also concluded that the heat transfer is strongly affected by the vibration frequency while it is weakly affected by the vibration amplitude. The Nusselt number has been correlated in a dimensionless form as a function of modified Raylegh number, and Vibrational Reynolds number.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96277.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96277_59554d4ee471ba3ce7ab034ae1bc0a26.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamza, Mohammed and Sultan, Ahmed and Elbouz, Ali}, title = {Study of Heat Transfer through Radially Buffled Rotating Annulus.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {32-43}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96278}, abstract = {This paper presents an experimental study of laminar forced convection heat transfer for cold water flows through annular tube. The test section consisted of two annular spaces the inner of which for the tested cold water while the outer for the heating water flow that heated in a tank by electrical heaters. The inner tube of the annulus is rotated with rotational speeds which varied from 175 to 650 p.m. The outer tube of the annulus have a constant diameter of 54.5mm but the diameter of inner tube of the annulus is equal to 21, 26.7 and 33.5 mm so as to give diameter ratios of 0.62, 0.49 and 0.386. Variable numbers of semi-circle of buffles are used circumferentially around the rotating tube. The diameter of buffle is equal to 52 mm and 2 mm thickness. Cold water flowed axially through the annular space with velocities that ranged from (0.0192 to 0.0666 m/s), to give axial Reynolds numbers in the range (612 ≤ Re ≤ 2175), to cover the laminar flow regime. In the present work the effects of radius ratio, axial Reynolds number and rotational Reynolds number on the heat transfer are investigated. The results show that, the rate of heat transfer of the rotational annular tubes is higher than that of the stationary one of the same radius ratio and axial Reynolds numbers, and the rate of heat transfer of rotational annular tubes with baffles higher than rotational annular tubes without baffles of the same radius ratio and axial Reynolds numbers. 1-             Rotation without buffle, Produces a maximum increase in Nusselt number of the order of 79% at Rea= 2080, Reω= 21545 and rotational speed= 480 r.p.m, (increase of only 11% in Nusselt number at Rea=646.2, Reω=7808 ,( rotational speed of 175 r.p.m), compared to the results of the stationary annular tube of the same radius ratio . 2-             Rotation with buffle, Produces a maximum increase in Nusselt number of 200% at Rea= 2175, Reω= 21884 and rotational speed= 480 r.p.m, and increase of only 84% in Nusselt number at Rea=634, Reω=21778, ( rotational speed of 175 r.p.m) compared to the results of the stationary annular tube of the same radius ratio . Two correlations are made to describe the relation between Nusselt numbers and axial Reynolds number, diameter ratio, pitch to diameter ratio P/D and rotational Reynolds number and Reynolds number for stationary, rotating and buffled rotating annuli.}, keywords = {Laminar forced convection,heat transfer,annular tube,rotating inner tube,radius ratio}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96278.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96278_f14976b8b667300fb21dd3a25663037c.pdf} } @article { author = {Saafan, Mohamed and Eltahan, Hamed and Jaleel, Roaya}, title = {Thermal Performance of Loop Thermosyphon Charged by Nanofluid for Cooling Electronic Component.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {44-56}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96280}, abstract = {This work presents a theoretical and experimental investigation on the thermal performance of thermosyphon for cooling high heat flux. The working fluid charged in the evaporator is pure water or Nano fluid (Al2O3+water). In theoretical model, the flow is described by continuity, momentum and energy equations. The flow is assumed laminar, steady and two dimensional with constant properties. The differential forms of governing equations are, numerically, solved using finite difference technique. According to this technique, the partial differentials are transformed to set of linear algebraic equations. These equations are solved, numerically, by Gauss-Siedel iterative method. an experimental set up is design and constructed to study its under different operating To investigation the effect of parameters; - working fluid filling ratio (volume of working fluid to the evaporator volume (30%, to 70%)),volume fraction of nanoparticle in the base fluid 0.0%, to 1.6%.  , heat input rate total thermal resistance of the thermosyphon with the Nano fluid and with pure water. Results show that the addition of 0.8% (by volume) of Al2O3 nano-particles in water presented improved thermal performance compared with the operation with pure water. Results showed that the total thermal resistance decreases with increasing particles from 0% to 0.8% concentration, as compared with those of pure water. , but they increased as the concentration changed from 0.8% to 1.6%. Thus found an optimal particle which was about 0.8% for the. Al2O3-water based nanofluid. The experimental data are compared with the available literature.}, keywords = {Two phase loop,Thermosyphon,Thermal Performance,Nano fluids}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96280.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96280_3f98af725deb4795579867d210e0360e.pdf} } @article { author = {Rashid, Abdelsamed and Hegazi, Ahmed and Okasha, Farouk}, title = {An Investigation on Drying Process in a Novel Configuration of Fluidized Bed.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {57-65}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96282}, abstract = {This paper describes an experimental study on drying process in a novel configuration of fluidized bed, namely jetting fountain fluidized bed, and in conventional fluidized bed as well. The experiments have been carried out using a fluidized bed of 105 mm inner diameter. Fenugreek seeds have been used as bed materials to be dried. The influences of different parameters on drying process have been investigated. Those include bed temperature, air fluidization velocity, and jet air ratio and jet height. The experimental results demonstrate that the drying rate increases with the increase in jet air ratio and inlet air temperature. Jetting fountain configuration enables greater drying rates compared to conventional operation.}, keywords = {Fluidized Bed,Drying,Fenugreek seeds}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96282.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96282_9c263e8918c8b53878f4d42bfaf78a0e.pdf} } @article { author = {Ramadan, Manal}, title = {Abrasive Wear of Nano-Al2O3 Particles and CNTs Strengthened 2024 Aluminum Alloy Composites Manufactured by Powder Metallurgy.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {66-72}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96283}, abstract = {Metal matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes as well as the effect of Nano Al2O3 (n- Al2O3) particles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very promising materials, suitable for a large number of applications. These composites consist of a metal matrix filled with Nano-particles featuring physical and mechanical properties very different from those of the matrix. The Nano-particles can improve the base material in terms of electrical properties, damping properties and mechanical strength. In this work we investigated the effect of reinforcing Al-2024 with CNTs and n- Al2O3. The Al-2024 alloy was produced by powder metallurgy. The alloy strengthened by a dispersion of two weights % CNTs, 2wt% n- Al2O3, and 1weight % CNTs + 1wt% n- Al2O3 respectively. The effect of the CNTs, and Nano Al2O3 on the microstructure, hardness, and wear, were studied. The micro structural results showed a homogeneous dispersion of CNTs and n- Al2O3 into Al2024. We obtained that the composite 1weight % CNTs + 1wt% n- Al2O3 can increase, hardness as well as reduce the weight loss by 46%, and 80%, respectively. Our results enhance the wear behavior of the composites by using different types of reinforcements.}, keywords = {Nano composite,SEM,CNT,Nano Al2O3,Wear,hardness}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96283.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96283_f736364faa1d746ab1fb526818840a1c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelaziz, Ali and Elkaseer, Ahmed and Nassef, Ahmed}, title = {Tool Wear and Surface Roughness in Hard Turning of Stainless Steel 316 Using Tungsten Carbide Tool.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {73-82}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96284}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to investigate tool wear and surface roughness generation in precision hard turning of stainless steel 316 using tungsten carbide tool. A set of turning tests were carried out under a range of cutting parameters with carbide insert tools. The data obtained from these experiments helped in analyzing and understanding the tool wear phenomena and generated surface roughness during the cutting process. These results showed an inverse relationship between the feed rate and the exhibited flank wear and crater wear over the applied range of feed rate. However, multiple wear mechanisms revealed after the turning tests, namely abrasion mechanism due to high pressure was observed on the flank of the tool, while diffusion mechanism exhibited on the tool face due to the high cutting temperature and led to crater wear. In additions, in contrast to the conventional turning process, nonlinear relationship was observed between the feed rate and surface roughness in case of precision turning operation.}, keywords = {hard turning,crater wear,Flank wear,carbide tool,Surface roughness}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96284.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96284_cfd4a63993225f38786bceecb2035e8f.pdf} } @article { author = {Zoalfakar, Said and Elsissy, Mona and Shaheen, Yousry}, title = {Multi-Response Optimization of Post-Fire Residual Properties of High Performance Concrete.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {83-97}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96285}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental program undertaken to optimize compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and abrasion wear of heated high performance concrete using Taguhi method and the utility concept. The design of experiments (DOEs) was first carried out by Taguchi method using a standard L 25(35) orthogonal array of three factors with five materials parameters levels. The factors considered in this context of HPC were: fiber volume fracture, age time and post-heat temp. The prism specimens 60x60x300 mm with various volume fractions were casted, left for different age times (7 day, 28 day, and 56 day) then heated up to 200 °C, 400 °C, and 800 °C for a time of 3hrs then they were subsequently tested in the cooled conditions. Based on the experimental results, the materials parameter responses were analyzed.}, keywords = {Lightweight,Mechanical Properties,Analysis of variance (ANOVA),Optimization,Taguchi Method}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96285.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96285_0b618abcb981296e790b35af864272e2.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsanabary, Samar and Elkaseer, Ahmed and Abd-Rabbo, Saber and Ali, Mohamed and Abdou, Shabaan}, title = {Comparative Assessment of Different Optimization Techniques for Turning Operations.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {98-107}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96288}, abstract = {This paper presents a comparative study that was conducted aiming at evaluating three different optimization techniques; namely, linguistic Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP), and the Bees Algorithm. Initially, a well-constructed deterministic model of the turning operation was utilized to feed two optimization techniques, (SQP) and the Bees Algorithm. The results were assessed and compared with those already obtained using (FLC) method that was published in the literature. The study outcomes revealed that, although The Bees Algorithm gave acceptable output, the (SQP) technique identified the optimal cutting conditions. As a result, one can argue that the (SQP) is the best technique to tackle such deterministic optimization problem. This is especially true when compared with the performance of the other two methods examined within this study.}, keywords = {Optimization techniques,Turning Model,Linguistic Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC),Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP),the Bees Algorithm}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96288.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96288_db8c77230d181e609ab49d289876c8a8.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsheikh, Abd EL-Fattah and Barseem, Moustafa and Sherbeni, Wajih}, title = {Susceptibility of Shallow Groundwater Aquifers to Water Logging, Case Study Al Marashda Area, West Nile Valley, Qena, Egypt.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {1-28}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96395}, abstract = {Attempts were carried out to delineate the areas where the aquifer is vulnerable to water logging, head drop and pollution in the new and old reclamation areas as well. All of the hydrological, geophysical and soil factors were incorporated in the DRASTIC model. Parameters included are; depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, water salinity, thicknesses and resistivity of successive geoelectrical layers soil media, topography and impact of the vadose zone. Saturated soil hydraulic conductivity varies from 4.43 X10-4 to 243 X10-4 m/sec. Groundwater is supplied from the gravel sand saturated sediments belonging to the Quaternary aquifer. The aquifer thickness rangs from 60 to 120 m. Groundwater depths are gradually increased from 2 m in north to about 72 m in the southern area. Groundwater levels are ranging from 58 m a.s.l. to 74 m a.s.l. Transmissivity is ranging from 155 m2/day to 420 m2/day. Applying the DRASTIC model reveals that there are five vulnerable classes characterizing the study area.  Very low and Low vulnerable areas characterize the southern area located near the table land area. Medium vulnerable area present at the pediment area just above the old cultivated lands and extends through the old cultivated lands East of Al Marashda area where groundwater depths are ranging from 5 m - 40 m and recharge is essentially from excess irrigation water. A very high and high vulnerable area is located in the old cultivated lands where groundwater is very shallow (< 5 m) and recharge is very high from excess irrigation water and percolation from surface water systems.}, keywords = {Hydrology,hydrogeophysics,soil characteristics,saturated and vadose zone,vulnerability,DRASTIC Model,Al Marashda,Egypt}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96395.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96395_dcd3a7936e03c8c38a9c658defc68583.pdf} } @article { author = {Elgendy, Gamal and Elagamy, Ali and Sherif, Mohamed and EL-Badawy, Sherif}, title = {Laboratory Evaluation of Green Concrete Mixes Containing High Percentages of Steel Slag Coarse Aggregate.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {29-37}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96396}, abstract = {Sustainability in the built environment is of increasing importance, particularly in the concrete structures. Slag from iron and steel industries can be used in some cases to replace natural aggregates in construction. Steel slag aggregate is an engineered product with great potential as replacement to naturally occurring aggregates in construction projects due to its distinctive physical and chemical properties. It is a 100% recyclable material.  In this research, a comprehensive laboratory evaluation of the use of steel slag as a Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) aggregate was conducted. The performance of steel slag aggregates as a construction material in comparison to dolomite aggregates was evaluated. PCC mixtures with 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 100/0 percentages of steel slag/dolomite aggregates were prepared in the laboratory. All parameters in the mixes were kept constant except the coarse aggregate proportions. Test results revealed that steel slag has great potential as a construction material.  The resulted concrete with steel slag showed relatively high compressive, splitting, flexural and bond strength as well as higher modulus of elasticity and lower permeability. Finally, the optimum amount of steel slag replacement was found to be 50% of the coarse aggregate.}, keywords = {steel slag,Dolomite,Mechanical Properties,Modulus of elasticity,Permeability,Green Concrete}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96396.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96396_6f467d994ceed87ef6ee9c1a5f70ef52.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Gamal, Mohammed and Abdel Hady, Mohamed}, title = {Effect of Upstream Accumulated Sediments on Fayoum Type Weir Efficiency.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {38-48}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96397}, abstract = {Under various conditions of flows in open channels with time, sediments are accumulated gradually upstream weirs. Accumulated sediments upstream weirs cause the back water curve and discharge coefficient (Cd) of weirs to change. For this reason, the effect of four different models of accumulated sediments on the discharge coefficient and the maximum height of backwater curve (Z) of Fayoum type weir (narrow crested weir) had been experimentally investigated. In this research, four values of discharges equal to 8 lit. /sec., 10 lit. /sec., 13 lit. /sec. and 15 lit. /sec. were used. From the analysis of results, compared with the case of no sediments, it was observed that with the increasing of accumulated sediments, the head over weir crest (H) decreased by about 16 % and consequently, the discharge coefficient of weir increased by about 38 %. The maximum height of back drawdown water curve upstream weir (Z) decreased gradually with the increasing of accumulated sediments by about 5.3%. For the aforementioned analysis, it is recommended to eliminate all of accumulated sediments upstream Fayoum type weirs for improving the performance.}, keywords = {sediments,Fayoum weirs,Open channels,experimental work}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96397.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96397_4f36ac3092bb8ee214b683b6f81fdd80.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Hamrawy, Saad and Abd El-Hakim, Ragaa}, title = {Influence of Subgrade Stiffness on Flexible Pavement Responses – A Case Study-Alexandria City, Egypt.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {49-56}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96398}, abstract = {Alexandria city lies at the north of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea. The top layers of soil in Alexandria differs from bed rock (Borg El-Arab), sand (near the sea, north Abo-Qir street) to silt and clay (Elsyouf, Smouha, Khorshed, etc..). Thus, a great attention should be considered in the design of pavements on these dissimilar subgrades because the performance of a pavement depends on the quality of its subgrade and subbase layers. The non-linear finite element program MICHPAVE is used in this study to analyze the flexible pavement responses. Displacements, stresses and strains are computed only within the region modeled by finite elements. At the end of the analysis, MICHPAVE outputs an equivalent resilient modulus for each pavement layer. Results from the non-linear mechanistic analysis, together with other parameters, are used as input to two performance models, to predict the fatigue life and rut depth. These performance models are currently restricted to three-layer pavements with asphalt concrete (AC) surface, base and roadbed soil, and four-layer pavements with AC surface, base, subbase and roadbed soil. Analysis of research results has shown that using a reasonable subbase layer reduces the rut depth of pavement while the increase in subbase thickness causes increase in rutting. Total expected rut depth of pavement as well as expected rut depth in the asphalt course increase with the decrease of subgrade stiffness, while fatigue life of pavement increases with the increase of subgrade stiffness}, keywords = {Subgrade,Rutting depth,Axle loads,Fatigue damage,Finite Element,MICHPAVE}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96398.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96398_79393498b589a10251ea81d85854b4a9.pdf} } @article { author = {Shiha, Mohamed and Gabr, Alaa and EL-Badawy, Sherif}, title = {Laboratory Characterization of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Steel Slag.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {57-67}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96400}, abstract = {The use of industrial by-products needs better understanding of their characteristics and behavior when subjected to traffic loading and environmental conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive laboratory characterization testing of asphalt mixtures containing steel slag. Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag (EAFS) products were chosen as one of the most significant types of non-hazardous metallurgical waste, which were sourced from a steel factory in Egypt. The routine tests were conducted on EAFS materials to examine the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, which were compared with the virgin aggregate (limestone). Blends of limestone aggregates/EAFS with percentages of 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, and 0/100% were selected to be employed as binder course layer. Asphalt mixtures were designed by Marshall method to find the optimum binder content. Test results showed that as the EAFS percentage in the mix increased, both the stability and density of the mixes increased. In addition, the flow and voids in mineral aggregates (VMA) were found to decrease with an increase in the EAFS content.}, keywords = {Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag,Characterization,Marshall,VMA,stability,Flow}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96400.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96400_0e2713ebf36260b4772251613a95a278.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Hadidi, Elsaid and Taha, Ahmed and Abo El-Ezz, Sally}, title = {Phytoremediation of Some Polluted Soils by Sudan Grass (Sorghum Sodanese L.).}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {68-76}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96401}, abstract = {A pot experiment was carried out in Soil Dep., College of Agric. Mans. Univ., to study the effect of using sudan grass for remediation of some polluted soils in Dakahlia governorate .Ten plant seeds per pot were sown on 25August,2014 and harvested on 10 October,2014. The experimental soils were taken from ten polluted locations to represent polluted soils in Dakahlia govrnorate from different sources i.e. (sewage, industry, traffic and agricultural drainage pollutions) as follows: Talkha fertilizer company adjacent area; El-Mansoura Sewage Station area; El-Mansoura Melting companies area; Town refuse - Sandob area; El-Mansoura Ratingat factory; El-Serw station Agric. Drainage; Gedilah road near El-Mansoura Institute; Sewage drainage - Meet El-Akrad area ; Sallant- Dekrnes road and El-Sallab Institute area. Data obtained from this investigation pointed out that the concentration of lead, nickel and cadmium were (6.00, 3.43 and 3.39 mg/kg) in sudan grass plant shoots which uptake and removed high values of lead, nickel and cadmium (192,122 and 104 mg/kg plant) shoots of Sudan grass plant than the roots (2.16, 2.78 and 2.13 mg/kg) and roots uptake (7.0, 9.0 and 7.0 mg/kg plant) from the studied polluted soils. It can be observed that; shoots of sudan grass extracted and absorbed more lead, nickle and cadmium than roots because this plant has a huge vegetative growth. Results, also showed that; translocation factor (2.77, 1.41 and 1.56) and biological accumulation factor were more than one (0.66,0.78 and0.72) for laed, nickle and cadmium, respectively. It can be concluded that; Sudan grass is more effective for remediation of these polluted soils in Dakahlia government and can be considered as a hyper accumulator for heavy metals.}, keywords = {Phytoremediation,Heavy metals,sudan grass}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96401.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96401_106ab81d14ecba14c934927e1d7661db.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Hakim, Ragaa and EL-Badawy, Sherif and Gabr, Alaa and Azzam, Abd El Halim}, title = {Influence of Unbound Materials Input Level on Pavement Performance using MEPDG.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {77-85}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96402}, abstract = {For material characterization, the new Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) has 3 input levels. Level 1 input values must be obtained through direct laboratory testing. Level 2 inputs are determined by the application of correlations with other material properties. Finally, Level 3 inputs are simply typical default values. The level chosen for each design input parameter, however, may have a significant effect on project design, costs, and reliability. In this paper, the influence of the unbound granular base material characterization input level on pavement performance as predicted by MEPDG for a typical flexible pavement section was investigated. For this purpose, analyses were made for three weather stations representing different climatic regions in Egypt: Alexandria, Cairo and Aswan. For the typical pavement system, level 1 data for the resilient modulus based on measured laboratory values (k1, k2, and k3 elastic response coefficients) were used for the first set of MEPDG runs. The second set of computer simulation runs were conducted using correlation from California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values. The final set of runs, utilized default resilient modulus values of the unbound base material based on the AASHTO class. MEPDG predicted pavement distresses for the three input levels were compared and the results showed variation in performance due to the change in the input level.}, keywords = {MR,CBR,MEPDG,performance,k1,k2,k3}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96402.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96402_e9cd8b8445679971d40f3f8fe513817e.pdf} } @article { author = {Zeidan, Zaki and Beshr, Ashraf and Sameh, Sara}, title = {Precision Comparison and Analysis of Reflector-less Total Station Observations.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {86-97}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96403}, abstract = {In order to achieve the results that meet the specifications of given project, such as setting out and monitoring the structural deformation, the knowledge of reliability and accuracy of surveying equipment is inevitable. Reflector-less total station are widely used nowadays for several applications in geodetic engineering due to its highly accurate and fast measurements. A shortcoming is that it gives less accurate measurements in some cases of observations. The point position determination using reflector-less total station is subjected to some uncertainty due to angle of observation, incidence angle of signal to the surface, distance from the instrument to the point, instrument precision and material of reflecting surfaces. This paper investigates the accuracy of reflector-less total station observations during the process of monitoring and setting out of engineering structures. This paper is performed also to find out the effect of inclined angle of reflecting surface, its color and type on the accuracy of reflector- less total station measurements. It has been converted to a group of charts that assure the accuracy required in determining the point coordinates. A formula is developed to represent the effect of these parameters on the uncertainty of the observations. The results of the practical measurements, adjustment and analysis of the observations are also presented. From the results, It can be concluded that the white reflector surface have stronger reflectivity than any other surface. The unpainted metal target was the worst reflecting surface and the brick target was the best surface.}, keywords = {Reflector-less total station,Monitoring,setting out,accuracy and structural deformation}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96403.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96403_f2510c75ee4a104f34db7018290277b8.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahem, Rasha}, title = {New Administrative Capital (Opportunities and Challenges) - A Comparative Study.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96404}, abstract = {Under the governmental policies to develop promising projects to overcome the problem of congestion and urban population growth. The government has developed and implemented several development projects; among them, is the new administrative capital, which is an expansion of urbanization. The Egyptian economy is by the growing investment opportunities offered by this new city tries to find work for Egyptian young people. In this paper a realistic analysis of the new city is carried out. The study reviews the transfer of the Egyptian capital historically. A comparative study based on word and global experience rather than an analysis of the proposed site of the city is carried out to highlight the future opportunities and challenges which may face this project.}, keywords = {New administrative capital,Transfer of the capital,Experience of moving the capital and justifications}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96404.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96404_9636e1de09722c4b8bd9606fca9593d2.pdf} } @article { author = {Foda, Mohand and Hegazy, Ibrahim and El-Azab, Mohamed and El-Gezawy, Lamis}, title = {Improving the Energy Efficiency of Residential Green Heritage Buildings.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {11-25}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96406}, abstract = {According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), The amount of energy consumed in the residential buildings in the United States in 2014 estimated at more than one and a half times the total energy is consumed by commercial and administrative buildings, therefore, improving the energy efficiency in existing residential Buildings, and rely on alternative sources of renewable energy will have a positive impact on reducing the use of fossil fuels energy and their emissions. Many countries have paid a great attention on set or develop their criteria for assessment the existing green residential buildings especially the energy efficiency. Now, there are hundreds of existing residential Buildings (including listed heritage buildings) have been certifies as green buildings. Egypt as other countries needs to reduce its great energy consumption of Fossil fuels. It has rich with heritage assets that variety in their values, ages, usage and styles.  Despite that, the most of the conservation strategies that deal with the residential heritage Buildings in Egypt don’t care to improve the energy efficient performance of them. Despite of establishment of Green Pyramid Rating system that can be used for evaluating green new constructions only, and don't be applicable on all types of existing buildings. The paper aims to perform a comparison study between the criteria and applications of the LEED and BREEAM which have been usedto assess energy efficiency of the residential heritage buildings. The results will help to improve the energy efficiency of residential heritage buildings in Egypt without harming or losing its heritage features and values}, keywords = {Green Buildings,Heritage Buildings,Residential Green Heritage Buildings,Energy Efficiency Performance,LEED,BREEAM}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96406.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96406_be03e7cd9e6732aa848cff38decfbb55.pdf} } @article { author = {Sabry, Yasmine}, title = {Support of Conservation Education to Formulate a Better Future for Heritage Districts.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {26-37}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96407}, abstract = {Heritage districts are a wealth, but most people don’t realize its value. In fact, human deterioration is one of the worst means of deterioration and actually the most common when it comes to heritage districts. This is due to residents’ or users’ bad behaviors towards the built structures in such districts. The cause of this behavior is the local community’s lack of awareness in heritage conservation being a part of the national identity; or even understanding its universal value if it exceeds the local value to become world heritage. In this research, we focus on how educational curriculums do not teach the importance of heritage preservation as a non-renewable resource and do not highlight its sustainability, which will result in the loss of upcoming generations’ right in benefiting from such heritage. The research objective is to put a work plan that shows the means by which formal and informal conservation education can raise public awareness in conserving historic districts and even managing and developing them. The goal is to formulate a new generation of people that are capable of dealing with heritage treasures, be they residents, users, or managers; after having received the required education and skills that enable the formulation of a better future for this heritage.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96407.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96407_bbbe6de6c0bcc3bda74e85e3410dde2e.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelhady, Marwa and El-Eashy, Alaa and Elwazir, Mona}, title = {Simulation of PV Cells to the Vocabulary Learning Environment.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {38-48}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2015.96409}, abstract = {The research light on the important issues of public concern, namely energy and outages constantly, the other is the poor level of education provided. Those were through the solutions that architects can do to society by working in two directions. Enter into the first field of renewable energy, especially solar power enjoyed by Egypt most the year at a rate of brightness11 hours a day, by the use of photovoltaic cells, which convert solar radiation into electrical energy in a direct way. Second the development of educational buildings and previous studies are considered sustainable buildings of the most successful models you need the educational environment in Egypt to promote Its environmentally, socially and economically. The vision of the research is introducing sustainability into the educational environment through the concept of energy saving and production from renewable sources using photovoltaic cells as a tool for education and the acquisition of the next generation of the meanings of sustainability and entering cells serially during the school day since he came out of his house and even back at his passing all stages vocabulary environmental education and simulation of PV cells with it. Pray for revival and development of our society.}, keywords = {المحاکاة,الأستدامة,الخلايا الکهروضوئية,االبيئة التعليمية,المدرسة المستدامة}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96409.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96409_ce24704191bd5075ebb57aac5d2d2308.pdf} } @article { author = {Fadali, Olfat and Ibrahim, E. and Farrag, T. and Abdelbasier, Ahmed}, title = {Pesticides Removal from Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Technique Using Stainless Steel (Ss-Ss) Plate Electrodes.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96410}, abstract = {Today hazardous waste management has become one of the most challenging tasks to this technological world because tons of organic pollutants including various carcinogens are being exposed without the sufficient treatment. Electrocoagulation (EC) due to some advantages over chemical coagulation is becoming a popular process to be used for treatment of organic pollutants especially when pollutants are toxic. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of  current density, reaction time, initial concentration, addition of sodium chloride and magnetic field intensity oriented in two different directions on both removal efficiency of methomyl and the energy consumption. Current density 20 mA/cm2 was recommended from economic point of view as well as 3.5 g/L NaCl concentration. Magnetic field in parallel direction effects positive in contrary of perpendicular direction where the removal efficiency reached to 100% in 45 min when 0.041T was applied in a parallel direction.}, keywords = {Electrocoagulation,pesticide,STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96410.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96410_04e7aa9fdfb61f4f3fb142688e793af2.pdf} } @article { author = {Elzanaty, Hesham and Elhamshary, Nagwa}, title = {Hardness and Wear of As–Cast Mg–Al Based Alloy with Alumina Addition.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {11-15}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.96411}, abstract = {Magnesium alloys have extensive application in industries. The range of physical properties that can be imparted to them is remarkable. Magnesium–Aluminium binary alloys generally possess good castability and good mechanical properties. The objective of the present investigation is to study the effect of varying weight percentage of alumina (Al2O3) on the hardness and wear resistance of the Mg–Al alloy. The addition of alumina resulted in a considerable increase in the Vicker's microhardness number and wear resistance of the original alloy. Wear resistance and Vicker's microhardness number increase with the increasing proportion of alumina powder addition because of the deposition of crystalline alumina granules on the border and in the phases of remnant alloy during freezing process.}, keywords = {Mg–based alloy,Mg–6Al alloys,Alumina,Microhardness and Wear}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96411.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_96411_5109bcfcccd381475304f30b8c612e6a.pdf} }