@article { author = {Saafan, T. and Ragih, O. and El-Metwally, W.}, title = {Numerical Simulation for Pollutants Transport in Open Drains.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {1-19}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.107698}, abstract = {Evaluation and analysis of water pollution in addition to reliable estimates of the environmental damages may help in establishing governmental regulations for environmental protection. Utilization and introduction to such estimates require knowledge of some processes, e.g. formation of a water line in the water stream, transport of pollutants, capability of self-cleaning, etc. These processes are recognized as complex, highly interacting and spatially distributed making analyzing, describing, modeling and even simulating them are challenging tasks. However, explicit solutions are possible in certain cases, which are physically very simple but are real enough to be of engineering importance. On the hand, for the less simple cases, numerical techniques can be developed which yield solutions of satisfactory accuracy. This research aims to investigate the possibility of applying numerical simulation for pollutants transport in open drains using the water quality model QUAL2K. The QUAL2K model was applied for Bahr Hadus drain system, then, calibrated using coefficients determined for the calibration period (water year 2010). Then, the model was verified and evaluated within a precise comparison for its predictions with the field observed data. Some different scenarios were simulated for Bahr Hadus drain and the model was used to forecast the selected water quality parameters along different locations on the drain. These scenarios were as follows: Scenario A and B simulated the cases when the discharges that pass through the Bahr Hadus drain and its tributaries were reduced up to 10% and 25% respectively. Scenario C simulated the case when the salinity was reduced up to 25%. The QUAL2K model represented the field date quite well in the two examined parameters and was able to simulate the previous Scenarios A. B and C, effectively.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107698.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107698_5e10b0d7eb553b74ba360a3d34be3065.pdf} } @article { author = {Seleem, M. and Khalil, H. and Abu Bakr, M.}, title = {Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume and Fly Ash.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {20-34}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.107700}, abstract = {Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a new category of high-performance concrete that exhibits a low resistance to flow to insure high flowability and a moderate viscosity to maintain a homogenous deformation through restricted sections. In this paper, cement has been replaced by fly ash (FA) in various proportions from 10% to 60% or silica fume (SF) in proportions of 5%, 10% and 15% or combination from FA and SF by the proportions 25% FA + 5% SF, 20%FA+ 10%SF and 15%FA + 15%sf. Fresh properties based on the results of slump flow, L-box and V-funnel tests were measured while hardened properties based on the compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and flexural strength were measured. Tests results showed that fresh properties of all mixes satisfied the SCC requirements. The maximum strengths were attained at FA percentage of 20%while for SF this percentage was 15%. With the utilization of hybrid FA and SF, the maximum strengths were recorded at 20% FA + 10%SF. An increase in the compressive strength was recorded for all mixes with increasing age up to 270 days.}, keywords = {Self-compacting Concrete,Silica Fume,Fly Ash,Mechanical Properties}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107700.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107700_4f775fb5a893ad75c44855ee1a420495.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahgoub, S. and Ibrahim, M.}, title = {Investigation the Flow Characteristics Using Different Groin Length and Angles.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {35-44}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.107701}, abstract = {This research aims to investigate the impact of river training structures (i.e. groins or spur dikes) on the flow characteristics of a stream. Twenty-eight run experiments were carried out in the Hydraulics Research Institute (HRI), the National water Research center (NWRC). Three main effective variables were tested (i.e. contraction ratio (L/B), groin orientation angle, and the discharge). It is to be noted that the tested contraction ratios were 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2. On the other hand, the testes orientation angles were 60°, 90° and 120° (i.e. attracting, straight, and repelling groins, respectively). The tested discharges were 10, 20, and 30 liter/s. Measurements were undertaken to determine the working length, scour, so as silting geometry and observations were documented. The measurements were analyzed and represented. Based on the experimental observations, the effect of the groins on the flow was described. Also, prediction attempts, to describe the interaction between the groin- fields and the main channel, are presented. Based on the analyzed experimental results, it was clear that the straight groin of 0.2 contraction ratio provides the maximum working length while, the attraction groin of 0.1 contracting ratio provides the minimum working length. It was also determined that the morphological changes are directly proportional to groin length and discharge}, keywords = {Groins,Flume Model,Contraction ratio,Orientation Angles,working length}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107701.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107701_2d6a6639dc3ddf81bf4bf31725aab00a.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelhaleem, Fahmy and El-Ghorab, Entesar and El-Belasy, Ahmed}, title = {Managing Water and Salt Balance of Wadi El-Rayan Lakes, El-Fayoum, Egypt.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {45-63}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.107891}, abstract = {The present paper aims to manage water and salt balance of Wadi El-Rayan depression, El-Fayoum, Egypt. Data measurements from the study area were collected and analyzed. SOBEK-1D2D was employed and different scenarios were tested. The results of the study indicated that scenario 4 is the best for the current condition to manage Wadi El-Rayan Lakes in a better way. Also, scenario 5 is the most suitable for the future condition. In conclusion, the management problem of water and salt balance is solved. A number of management steps are recommended to help the decision makers to set a management plan for Wadi El-Rayan Lakes.}, keywords = {Water and Salt Balance,water management,Wadi El-Rayan Depression and SOBEK}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107891.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107891_de363d62d50c3e9e83f5c4b57c5ae615.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Nimr, Ahmed and Gabr, Adel and EL-Wakeel, Ahmed}, title = {Effect of Earthquakes on Slope Stability.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {64-72}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.107897}, abstract = {Failure of slopes usually leads to human and/or environmental disasters. For example, the failure of an earth dam or a riverbank may eradicate villages or even towns, depending on the failure size. Earthquakes propagate from the source fault in the form of waves; these waves induce horizontal and vertical movements which are associated with sudden changes in the vertical, horizontal, principal stresses, and in the generation of excess pore water pressures, leading to failures in soil slopes and dams. Only one earthquake may cause tens of slope failures and landslides cases endangering human beings and structures. Parametric study was performed on a soil embankment in order to assess the response of the slope under the effect of different earthquakes to the geometry of soil slopes, as well as the characteristics of input ground motions. An approach to get the seismic reduction factor for the different slopes under the effect of different earthquakes was developed. The computer program Geo-slope (2007) is used in the analysis. Results showed that just applying the earthquake, even with minor magnitude, causes a significant reduction in the safety factor for the slope, and this reduction rate decreases gradually with increasing the earthquake magnitude.  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107897.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_107897_ed4920537df60c6106a0be4b38ba600c.pdf} } @article { author = {Helal, A. and El Dessouki, H. and Hatata, A. and El-Saadawi, Magdi and Tantawy, Mohamed Abd El-Moneim}, title = {Recurrent Neural Networks Based Fault Detection for Synchronous Generator Stator Windings Protection.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.115397}, abstract = {This paper presents a proposed approach for fault detection and faulty phase(s) identification for synchronous generator protection-based om artificial neural networks. In order to perform this approach: the protection system is subdivided into different neural network modules for fault detection and classification. The proposed approach uses Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to detect and classify the synchronous generator internal faults. The RNN uses the three-phase current measurements from both sides of the synchronous generator stator winding as its input data. RNN was trained using various sets of data available from the simulation results of the selected synchronous model under different fault scenarios (fault type, fault location, fault resistance and fault inception angle). Simulation results of the proposed RNN based synchronous generator stator winding protection provide a great performance; in terms of accuracy, speed and reliability.}, keywords = {Synchronous generator,differential protection,Recurrent neural networks,Fault Detection,Fault classification}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115397.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115397_625a474e80973590e74e018b9c422763.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Eman and A. Badran, Ebrahim and Youssef, Fathi}, title = {A Comparison between some used High Frequency Transformers Models.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {14-20}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.115399}, abstract = {Catastrophic transformers failures continue to occur today due to resonance stresses in general and specially ferroresonance. These resonances are initiated due to the cable-transformer connection. In this paper a comparison between high frequency transformer models for resonance studies in general as well for ferroresonance studies is produced. Two electromagnetic transients programs are used in this comparison; EMTP/ATP and EMTDC/ PSCAD. The study is performed by applying an impulse on phase A of the secondary side of the tested transformer. Three connection cases are used in this investigation; separate transformer, a connected cable with primary side, and an additional connected cable with the secondary side of the tested transformer. Theses cases are used to investigate the effect of cable connection on the transformer model response. The comparison shows how the model types vary in their results that care should taken by the choice of the correct model by the investigation of the ferroresonance phenomenon.}, keywords = {Transformer,Overvoltage,Ferroresonance,EMTP/ATP,PSCAD/ EMTDC}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115399.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115399_966bcc2931316fb8a0191609cd45fe0a.pdf} } @article { author = {Sultan, Ahmed and Mostafa, Hesham and Alboz, Aly and Abdelhady, Saleh}, title = {Experimental Investigation of Air Humidification through Convergent and Divergent Rectangular Duct.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.115626}, abstract = {Evaporation rate of water into air flow over water panel which fixed in the floor of a rectangular wind tunnel is investigated, experimentally. Flow passage area variation is constructed by fixing wedges in the ceiling of the test section; in front of water panel. Two configurations are achieved for passage in the section; convergent configuration and divergent configuration. Convergent configuration increases air velocity accordingly there is a negative pressure gradient, and Convergent configuration decreases air velocity accordingly there is a positive pressure gradient. The required measurements for velocity, temperature and humidity, are taken at upstream and downstream over the water panel. Also, the amount of water evaporated through each experiment was measured. The effect of flow passage area variation of the evaporation rate is investigated at different values of Reynolds number and its impacts on Sherwood number are considered. The rang tested for Reynolds number is (4000>Re>11000). The obtained experimental results show that, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers increases with increasing Reynolds number for both convergent and divergent configuration. Sherwood number takes higher values in case of convergent configuration than the divergent configuration. The maximum enhancement in Nusselt about 150% and Sherwood numbers is about 140%at Re=11446 and area ratio parameter (β=1.05) in the considered operating ranges. Empirical correlations for Nusselt and Sherwood numbers as a function of Reynolds number, Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. Evaporation rate of water into air flow over water panel which fixed in the floor of a rectangular wind tunnel is investigated, experimentally. Flow passage area variation is constructed by fixing wedges in the ceiling of the test section; in front of water panel. Two configurations are achieved for passage in the section; convergent configuration and divergent configuration. Convergent configuration increases air velocity accordingly there is a negative pressure gradient, and Convergent configuration decreases air velocity accordingly there is a positive pressure gradient. The required measurements for velocity, temperature and humidity, are taken at upstream and downstream over the water panel. Also, the amount of water evaporated through each experiment was measured. The effect of flow passage area variation of the evaporation rate is investigated at different values of Reynolds number and its impacts on Sherwood number are considered. The rang tested for Reynolds number is (4000>Re>11000). The obtained experimental results show that, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers increases with increasing Reynolds number for both convergent and divergent configuration. Sherwood number takes higher values in case of convergent configuration than the divergent configuration. The maximum enhancement in Nusselt about 150% and Sherwood numbers is about 140%at Re=11446 and area ratio parameter (β=1.05) in the considered operating ranges. Empirical correlations for Nusselt and Sherwood numbers as a function of Reynolds number, Prandtl and Schmidt numbers.}, keywords = {heat and mass transfer,humidification,moist air,duct flow}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115626.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115626_eb48b589ae4d6011cc25547ca73f693f.pdf} } @article { author = {Bayoumi Kabeel, Abdelnabi and Hamed, Mofreh and Omara, Z. and Sharshir, S.}, title = {Experimental Study of a Solar Desalination unit with Humidification-Dehumidification by Using Natural and forced Air Circulation.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {14-31}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.115627}, abstract = {An experimental investigation of a desalination system based on the humidification- and dehumidification (HDH) of air is studied, at the weather conditions of Kafrelsheikh city, Egypt. The evaporator (humidifier) unit is based on a cellulose paper as packing materials substratum through which water flows and has a large area to favor evaporation. Cellulose papers with different wet surface area are studied. In this study a modified design of condenser (dehumidifier) is used in HDH process to improve the performance evaluation of the unit. The condenser unit is a liquid-air heat exchanger, where water vapor is condensed, and the enthalpy of condensation is recovered to preheat the water. The working principle of the set-up is based on the idea of open-water and closed air cycles. An evacuated solar water heater is integrated with the desalination unit to evaluate the continuity production of distillate. The air is circulated either by natural or forced circulation. The effect of three types of forced circulating air (up, down and up-down) on the unit performance is considered. Also, the influence of inlet water temperature and inlet water mass flow rate to the humidifier on the performance HDH unit is studied. In addition, the optimal ratio of cold water at condenser inlet to hot water at evaporator inlet (C/H) is obtained. The results show that the maximum productivity is obtained when (C/H) is 2. Also, it is found that forced down air circulation gives higher performance than that obtained for forced up, forced up-down and natural air circulation. At C/H =2, inlet water mass flow rate to the humidifier 4 kg/min and forced down air circulation the unit productivity is about 23.6 kg/h with water temperature 90 °C at humidifier inlet.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115627.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115627_890ef2d4fd2cec229a3be7167087e20b.pdf} } @article { author = {Sakr, Ahmed and Ahmed Sultan, Gamal and Mousa, Mohamed and Tolba, M.}, title = {Flow Structure Development due to Water Injection into the Annulus of Heavy Oil Pipe Flow.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {32-55}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.115993}, abstract = {This work investigates the flow structure development due to the injecting water into the annulus of heavy oil pipe flow. Numerical simulation of the axisymmetric core-annular turbulent flow is carried out using the standard κ-ω model. The flow field and flow characteristics are investigated using FLUENT 6.3.26. The core-annular flow of heavy oils-water in 15.24 cm diameter pipe, with three core diameters is considered. The influence of flow parameters upon the development of axial and radial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulence intensity, and strain rate profiles are investigated. Results show that the flow development depends on the core to outer diameters ratio, oil viscosity, flow velocity, and water loading ratio. As oil's viscosity increases, the flow structure develops faster towards fully- developed one. Fully- developed velocity profiles show uniform distribution in oil's core, while all velocity changes occur in water flowing in pipe annulus. The flow in the core region seems to be as rigid body carried by annular water flow. It has been demonstrated that major changes in flow structure occur at the oil-water interface}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115993.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115993_a66958a6f623a92b7770bd472d81cdce.pdf} } @article { author = {Kabeel, A. and Khalil, A. and Hamed, Ahmed and Khedr, A.}, title = {Study the Performance of Dehumidification Packed Bed Tower Using Liquid Desiccant.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {56-73}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.115996}, abstract = {}, keywords = {Liquid desiccant,dehumidifier,heat and mass transfer}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115996.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_115996_7242d7502957e3db67e4647309469f36.pdf} } @article { author = {Zahran, Ali and Hassan Rabie Sakr, Lotfy and Shabaka, Ibrahim and El-Naggar, Mohamed}, title = {Effect of Different Upstream Fittings on Orifice Meter Performance.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {74-102}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.116432}, abstract = {Orifice meters are a type of the differential pressure flow meter widely used in industrial applications dealings with measuring the size and flow rate of expensive fluids such as natural gas, petroleum and water. The measurements accuracy of these meters depends mainly on their position in a pipe network. This paper is concerned with the effect of nonstandard flow conditions generated by various fittings (e. g: reducer, single elbow, double-elbow in- plane, double-elbow out-of- plane, T-junction) at different nonstandard upstream distances of the orifice plat on velocity profile and on discharge coefficient. Both numerical and experimental studies were used to investigate this problem. The results show that for each fitting, there is a different effect on the velocity profile and on the discharge coefficient. As an example, the 90° elbows decreases the discharge coefficient with decreasing upstream distance and increasing Reynolds number. Also, after a straight distance of 40D between the elbow and the orifice plate, the velocity profile is not fully matched with the normal profile.}, keywords = {Orifice meter,Discharge Coefficient,nonstandard flow conditions,velocity profile}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_116432.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_116432_e90692fdc22ad95ed59b3d35d48410b8.pdf} } @article { author = {Fanny, M. and Shabara, Mohamed and Alkalla, M.}, title = {Topology Optimization of High-Speed Flexible Robot Arms.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {103-116}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.116706}, abstract = {There are growing demands in the robot industry for light structures in order to increase the speed of the robot motion and thus the productivity. Size and shape optimization are carried out previously to achieve minimum traveling time of the robot arm taking into consideration its flexibility. In this work, topology optimization is introduced for obtaining optimum robot arm to achieve minimum traveling time from both structure and control viewpoints. Method of Moving Asymptotes is used as optimization technique, because it can handle arbitrary number of constrains and considered to be a general and flexible optimization method. A comparison is accomplished between the optimal resulted design and its initial design for different dimensions of robot arm neglecting air damping. It is found that the reduction ratio of the travelling time reaches 62% and the reduction ratio of the weight reaches 70%. A comparison between this work using topology optimization of flexible robot arm outperforms the size and the shape optimization when considering the real condition that takes into account the air damping. The optimum topological design in this case gives reduction ratio of travelling time equals 44.8%, while previous work gives 23.5%.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_116706.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_116706_26bebf8197677cb2f73ceda078d1db4d.pdf} } @article { author = {Saafan, Mohamed and Fouda, A. and Elbaz, A.}, title = {Heat and Mass Transfer in a Direct Evaporative Cooler Using New Material.}, journal = {MEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {117-136}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1110-0923}, eissn = {2735-4202}, doi = {10.21608/bfemu.2020.116709}, abstract = {This paper presents the performance analysis of a new evaporative cooling pad material ''Luffa'', or luffa, sponges which are produced from long, thin gourds and are much harder and more abrasive than sea sponges. Most often, luffa sponges are used for scrubbing and exfoliating dead skin. Often seen for sale in stores in the form of back brushes exfoliating mitts, luffa sponges also make ideal scrubbers for pots, pans and surfaces, such as the counter tops. The luffa sponges is an amazing versatile, no-fuss plant that is relatively easy to grow in warm climates [1]. A test tunnel is constructed for this particular work and the behavior of this new evaporative cooling pad material is analyzed while changing of three parameters. Air velocity, water flow rate and the bad thickness. Inlet and outlet air characteristics are recorded with time and transit variation of thermo-physical properties of air is then evaluated from the measured data and heat and mass transfer equations. Cooling effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer coefficient and accordingly Nusslet and sSherwod numbers are obtained and compared each time. This new bad materials offers the lowest pressure drop among other materials (<10N/m2) with high effectiveness(94%). Because of better performance, lower costs and easy availability of this new bad material. Using it as wetted media may enhance the scope of using this material in domestic and commerical evaporative cooling systems for sustainable development.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_116709.html}, eprint = {https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_116709_ce90a4fbd4215c052cf6c2f59a94c360.pdf} }