Mansoura University, Faculty of EngineeringMEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal1110-092336120201110Deterioration of the Urban Environment of the Egyptian Village between Deterioration Attributes and Development Mechanisms.11112252310.21608/bfemu.2020.122523ENNanees Abd-ElhamiedAlsayyadDepartment of Architectural, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptSherifShetaAssistant Professor of Department of Architectural., Faculty of Engineering., Mansoura University., Mansoura., Egypt.Journal Article20110110<strong>The Egyptian village has changed since the early growth stages until the beginning of the 214 century. However, this change was associated to a great extent with the forces and variables that prevailed at every stage of transformation and development. This paper tackles the following questions 1): Did this transformation have a positive effect on the natural and urban environment and particularly on the cultural and social traits of the Egyptian village?, 2): Are these changes resulting from the impact of regional trends and global variables, as the contradiction between the rural and urban areas has been ended and replaced by a new structure and a new formula, which are different in their urban and cultural characteristics? The urban deterioration leads to a disturbance in the relations governing the structure of the city or an imbalance in the level of the structure of the city as a whole, such as the relation between the old and the modern, the inside and the outside, and the public and the private. Thus, the development of these deteriorated societies needs a kind of dedicated change of its content base, to lead the improvement of the existent conditions toward a better one</strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of EngineeringMEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal1110-092336120201110Modeling Inertial Sensor Errors Using Allan Variance.11012255110.21608/bfemu.2020.122551ENA.KrazaAerospace Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., Cairo University., Cairo., Egypt.M.BayoumiAssistant Professor., Aerospace Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., Cairo University., Cairo., Egypt.G.El-BayoumiProfessor of Aerospace Engineering., Faculty of Engineering., Cairo University., Cairo., Egypt.S.HassanProfessor and Head of the navigation and Control Research Group., . Aerospace Engineering Department., Cairo University., Cairo., Egypt.Journal Article20110111<strong>Inertial navigation systems (INS) can provide high-accuracy position, velocity, and attitude information over short time periods. However, their accuracy rapidly degrades with time due to inertial sensor errors. To damp down the error growth, the INS sensor errors should be properly estimate and compensated before the inertial data are involved in the navigation computation. Therefore, appropriate modeling of the INS sensor errors is a necessity. Allan Variance (AV) is a simple and efficient method for modeling and verifying these errors by representing the root mean square (RMS) random drift error as a function of averaging time. Allan variance can provide information on the types and magnitude of the various error terms. This paper uses the AV technique to analyze and model different types of random errors residing in the measurements of Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) based inertial sensors. The derived stochastic error model will be further included in the INS error model for intergrade navigation system, once the correctness of the model is verified. Finally , the paper presents the test results and model validation.</strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of EngineeringMEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal1110-092336120201110Dynamic Performance Comparison between STATCOM and SVC.111712255410.21608/bfemu.2020.122554ENE.BadranElectrical Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura 35516., Egypt.S.AbulanwarElectrical Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura 35516., Egypt.Journal Article20110111<strong>This paper presents an investigation to the dynamic performance of a PI-type controlled STATCOM for various faulty conditions as well as for different system short circuit ratios SCR. Furthermore, the performance of the STATCOM is thereby simulated using the PSCAD/EMTDC software. The obtained results reveal superior dynamic performance and reduced system short circuit ratio SCR.</strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of EngineeringMEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal1110-092336120201110Improvement of Power Quality in Electrical Distribution System Using Shunt Active Power Filter Controlled by Fuzzy Logic Controller.182412257010.21608/bfemu.2020.122570ENA.AliProfessor of Electrical Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura., Egypt.I. I. I.MansyProfessor of Electrical Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura., Egypt.Islam M.IsmaelInstructor., Electrical Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University,, Mansoura,, Egypt,Journal Article20110119<strong>In the recent years the growing use of nonlinear loads, such as power converter , Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), and Adjustable Speed Drives (ASD) had been increased rapidly. All of these loads inject harmonic current into the power system. This paper presents a study and simulation of a three-phase Active Power Filter (APF) controlled by Fuzzy Logical Controller (FLC) to improve the Power Quality (PQ) of the distribution system by reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and compensating the reactive power. The Synchronous Reference D-Q Frame (SRF) theory is used to generate the reference compensating currents for APF. In this paper APF controlled by FLC is developed to regulated the voltage of the DC capacitor. The main purpose of the proposed APF was tested using the MATLAB/SIMULINK toolbox and the results satisfy the harmonic limit specified by IEEE harmonic standard 519. The obtained simulation results are presents and compared with the conventional PI controller. The simulation results show that the proposed FLC has better performance over the PI controller especially when the load is varied</strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of EngineeringMEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal1110-092336120201111An Accurate Approach for Detecting and Classifying the HIF in Distribution Systems.253112264510.21608/bfemu.2020.122645ENEbrahim A.BadranProfessor of Electrical Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura 35516., Egypt.ElsaeedAbdallahAssistant Professor., Electrical Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura 35516., Egypt.KamalSheblElectrical Engineering Department., Faculty of Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura 35516., Egypt.Journal Article20110111<strong>The High Impedance Faults (HIF) are the faults which are difficult to detect by the overcurrent protection relays. In this paper an accurate approach for detecting and classifying the HIF in distribution systems is presented. The proposed approach recognizes the distortion of the current waveforms caused by the are usually associated with HIF. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)</strong><br /> <strong> Based pattern recognition is used for extracting the current signal. DWT detects the fault using the absolute sum value of coefficients in Multi-resolution Signal Decomposition (MSD) over one cycle. The signal line to ground, the double line to ground, and the three lines to ground faults are classified using three simple logic functions. The proposed approach is verified by applying several faults scenarios on IEEE-13 node test system. The results confirm that the proposed approach can accurately detect and classify HIF in the systems.</strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of EngineeringMEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal1110-092336120201111Hydrodyamic Efficiency of Double Pontoon Supported on Piles.12012267410.21608/bfemu.2011.122674ENA. R.ZidanIrrigation and Hydraulics Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura., Egypt.O. S.RagehIrrigation and Hydraulics Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura., Egypt.Th. E.SarhanIrrigation and Hydraulics Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura., Egypt.El-SharabasyM.Irrigation and Hydraulics Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura., Egypt.Journal Article20110111<strong>The efficiency of a double fixed pontoon supported on two rows of piles was examined experimentally under regular waves. The breakwater efficiency is presented as a function of transmission, reflection, and energy loss coefficients. Regular waves with wide ranges of wave heights and periods with constant water depth were used. Different parameters of double fixed pontoon and supporting pile systems were also tested. It was found that the transmission coefficient, K<sub>t</sub>, decreases with the increasing value of the relative breakwater draft, did, and with the decreasing values of both the relative gap between two pontoons, a<em>l</em> b, and the pile gap-diameter ratio, G/D. Pile system improves the efficiency of double Pontoon by about (7-16) % when G/D = 0.5 and a<em>l</em> b = 1.0. The usage of pile system with a double fixed pontoon is more effective in case of small gaps between piles. It is possible to achieve K<sub>t</sub> values less than 0.25 when did = 0.30, a/b = 1.0, and G/D = 0.50. Simple empirical equations were developed for estimating both the wave transmission and reflection coefficients by using non-linear regression analysis. In addition, the proposed breakwater model gives a reasonable efficiency compared with other pontoon types. </strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of EngineeringMEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal1110-092336120201111Recovery of Water from Atmospheric Air in Taif Area, KSA Using Solar Energy.11412267810.21608/bfemu.2020.122678ENAhmedHamedMechanical Power Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura., Egypt.ElShafeiZeidanMechanical Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., Taif University., Saudi Arab.AymanAlyMechanical Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., Assiut University.Journal Article20201111<strong>In the present work, an investigation on the application of solar energy to heat a sandy bed impregnated with calcium chloride for recovery of water from atmospheric air, in the climatic zone of Taif, has been presented. The study also aimed at evaluating the effects of different parameters on the productivity of the system during regeneration. These parameters include system design characteristics and the climatic conditions. An experimental unit has been designed and installed for this purpose in climatic conditions of Taif area, Saudi Arabic. The experimental unit which has a surface area of 0.5m<sup>2</sup> , comprises solar/desiccant collector unit containing sandy bed impregnated with calcium chloride. The sandy layer impregnated with desiccant is subjected to ambient atmosphere to absorb water vapor in the night. During the sunshine period, the layer is covered with glass surface. Ambient temperature, bed temperature and temperature of glass surface are recorded. Also, the productivity of the system has been evaluated. Desiccant concentration at start of regeneration is selected on the basis of the climatic data of Al-Hada region, which is located at Taif area, Saudi Arabia. Experimental measurements show that about1.0 liter per m<sup>2</sup> of pure water can be regenerated from the desiccant bed at the climatic conditions of Taif. Liquid desiccant with initial concentration of 30% can be regenerated to a final concentration of about 44%. A maximum bed temperature of 112<sup>o</sup> C is recorded at 2 pm. Desiccant concentration at start of regeneration is selected on the basis of the climatic data of Al-Hada region. It is found that the climatic condition for Taif city almost dry compared with that for Al-Hada region. This method for extracting water from atmospheric air is more suitable for Al-Hada region especially in the fall and winter.</strong>Mansoura University, Faculty of EngineeringMEJ- Mansoura Engineering Journal1110-092336120201111Stress Distributions for T-Section Beams made of Functionally Graded Material.152612267910.21608/bfemu.2020.122679ENAblaEl-MegharbelProduction Engineering Department., Faculty of Engineering., Port-Said University., Port-Said 42523., Egypt.Journal Article20110110<strong>This study introduces a theoretical analysis for functionally graded materials (FGMS) OF t-section beams. Analytical methods are set in the form of equations using the effective principal axes, in order to provide a method for predicting the normal stress distribution of the FGMS beam under both axial load and bending moments. Considering the elastic modulus to be an exponential function, the effect of the non-homogeneity parameter on the distribution of the normal stress, as well as on the position of the neutral axis along the beam height, is discussed for several different loading cases. The results obtained show that the non-homogeneity parameters have great effects on the normal stress distribution and the position of the neutral axis. This indicates that, with the less hard region increases, and the neutral axis transfers toward the harder region.</strong>