Modeling Residual Free Chlorine in Drinking Water Distribution Systems.

Document Type : Research Studies

Authors

1 Civil Engineering Technology Department., Benha High Institute of Technology.

2 Public Works Engineering. Department., Faculty of Engineering., El-Mansoura University., Mansoura., Egypt.

Abstract

Water is at its peak quality when it leaves the treatment plant. With time, the disinfectant residual decreases, possibly with increase in microbial activity. Changes in quality may be caused by biological or chemical transformations, by mixing of waters from different sources, or by a loss of system safety. Until recently, no much research has been made to the problem of changes in water quality in distribution system especially in Egypt. This paper applies WaterCAD simulation model for modeling water quality in the distribution systems at El-Delta Co. for Fertilizer and Chemical Industries and compares the results to field data. This software implements the Eulerian Discrete Volume-Element Method (DVEM) to solve the numerical constituent transport problem for the system being analyzed. A model is used to predict the residence time and the propagation of chlorine residual in several points in the distribution system. Good correspondence with observed chlorine residuals is obtained at locations where the hydraulics is well characterized. It was found that using a wall decay constant in the range of 0.2 - 2.0 for pipes in a network might be suitable for all distribution systems. Field quality data is important in developing and understanding predictive models. 

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