Recirculation is the least understood of factors that affect on the mechanism and performance of the trickling filter. When recirculation is used, this works out in to applying almost the same organic mass to the trickling filter but with the increased hydraulic rate and a lower organic concentration than without recirculation. In this analysis, the organic concentration was divided into low organic concentration where the first order kinetic prevails and high organic concentration where the zero order kinetic predominates. The effect of recirculation on trickling filter performance under the two kinetic conditions were studied theoretically and by manipulating other researchers data found in the literature. The effect of recirculation on the trickling filter performance using design models was also investigated.
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